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GROSS: Let me reintroduce you here. Now, that doctor later died a natural death, so Bulger didn't get to carry out his wish. Two years later Gottlieb compounded a dose intended to kill Prime Minister Zhou Enlai of China but not used. Allen Dulles was the CIA director during most of the years MKUltra was in operation. Even so Eisenhower hesitated to approve a flight scheduled for May 1, 1960. Sidney Gottlieb - Alchetron, The Free Social Encyclopedia No evidence of this ever emerged, but the CIA fell hard for the fantasy. The CIA achieved its objective in the Congo unexpectedly and elegantly. Sidney Gottlieb, who for more than two decades managed the CIA's TechnicalServices Division, died on March 10. In fact, CIA chemist Sidney Gottlieb had gone well beyond curare, a toxin that is found in tropical plants. Its assignment was to find military uses for toxic bacteria. Among the witnesses to appear at the trial was a professor of forensic medicine who had been assigned to evaluate the deadly pin. Detrick is today one of the worlds cutting-edge laboratories for research into toxins and antitoxins, the place where defenses are developed against every plague, from crop fungus to Ebola. In the mid-'50s, the United States set out on a project to kill Prime Minister Zhou Enlai of China while he was visiting Indonesia. He was living there when he began working for the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). He had, according to one of his colleagues, prepared poison that a compromised CIA officer, James Kronthal, used to commit suicide in 1953. No, Roselli didnt like the idea of trying to gun Castro down gangland-style or using a sniper. Coming up, Justin Chang will review Steve McQueen's new five-film series, "Small Axe." [6], Gottlieb's first 18 months at the agency led to some frustrating discoveries. Two years later, the agency established MKUltra and Mr. Gottlieb was running it. . https://www.nytimes.com/1999/03/10/us/sidney-gottlieb-80-dies-took-lsd-to-cia.html. CIA deputy director for plans Richard Bissell, who ran the U-2 project, believed that since his planes would fly at improbably high altitudes, Soviet air defense systems would not be able to shoot them down or even track them by radar. Pulling this off, it became a thin needle, only again not an ordinary needle. An army mutiny set off riots, secession, and government collapse. The idea was that Zhou would be back in China, and the poison wouldn't be able to be traced back to the CIA. The CIA's Secret Mind Control Experiments : Fresh Air : NPR ", https://digital.history.pcusa.org/islandora/object/islandora%3A287129?solr_nav%5Bid%5D=98a815ee66a7e4801535&solr_nav%5Bpage%5D=306&solr_nav%5Boffset%5D=13#page/1/mode/1up, "Sidney Gottlieb, 80, Dies; Took LSD to C.I.A. The first of these were the LSD experiments. His lawyer had arranged for him to be granted immunity from prosecution for his testimony. We don't know how many people died, but a number did, and many lives were permanently destroyed. This is FRESH AIR. And if you're just joining us, my guest is Stephen Kinzer. But with his experiments on unwitting subjects, he clearly violated the Nuremburg standards -- the standards under which, after World War II, we executed Nazi doctors for crimes against humanity.''. It's now out in paperback. Floating down, he later wrote, he imagined the tortures and unknown horrors that might await him in captivity. The man he chose, Sidney Gottlieb, was not part of the silver-spoon aristocracy from which most officers of the early CIA were recruited, but a 33-year-old Jew from an immigrant family who limped . As part of his work with the hallucinogen, he had planned an experiment, ultimately canceled because of weather conditions, in which an LSD-laced aerosol would be sprayed into a room of unsuspecting partygoers. He believed the agency. Sidney Gottlieb | Intelligence Wiki | Fandom He left behind, according to a cable from Devlin, certain items of continuing usefulness.. He grew his own vegetables. No one knew the CIA was making poisons there, but its role as the countrys principal center for research into biological and anti-crop warfare became clear. Today, its a cutting-edge lab. MK-ULTRA also served other CIA needs, such as making assassination weapons. He lived in an eco-cabin in the woods with no running water. By the time Gottlieb landed in the Congo, he could look back on almost a full decade at the CIA. ''He thought he was doing exactly what was needed. On May 13, 1960, just days after the U-2 fiasco, President Eisenhower ordered Castro sawed off. He did not use what CIA security director Sheffield Edwards later called bad words, but everyone present understood this as a presidential directive to remove Castro from power by any means including assassination. He stuttered. In 1942, alarmed by reports that Japanese forces were waging germ warfare in China, the Army decided to launch a secret program to develop biological weapons. But he wasn't only involved in making poisons to kill people. Sidney Gottlieb was an American chemist and spymaster who headed the Central Intelligence Agency's 1950s and 1960s assassination attempts and mind-control program, known as Project MKUltra. 1 was Gottlieb's desire to find the key to mind control, which the CIA considered its absolute most important priority. The new nation immediately fell into violent chaos. In a highly concentrated dose, like the one compounded at Fort Detrick, saxitoxin can kill within seconds. If the beard fell away, they thought, so might Castros power. . The couple also enjoyed farming their own food in their free time. A man rose from his chair at a caf across the street. The CIA's Secret Quest For Mind Control: Torture, LSD And A 'Poisoner In Chief'. . On the sharpened point of the needle are deep oblique furrows completely covered with a layer of thick, sticky, brownish mass. It wasn't just a question of administering these super-high doses of LSD for very extended periods of time. Gottlieb was to provide the method. They agreed that Gottlieb himself should bring it to Leopoldville. Enthralled by new chemicals, he sent promising samples to what had been upgraded to Fort Detrick. And this became part of his work during the late 1950s and into 1960. This is FRESH AIR. And he traveled between these two worlds of spiritual meditation and then torturous experiments. So he forgot who his boss was. The shooter would almost certainly be killed or captured. The details are up to you, but its got to be cleannothing that can be traced back to the U.S. government. He handed Devlin the poison kit. With this agreement, the CIA acquired the knowledge and facilities of the Army to develop bioweapons suited for the CIA. The CIA never fully abandoned the idea of killing Castro with firearms. Seventy-six years ago, however, when the Army selected Detrick as the place to develop its super-secret plans to wage germ warfare, the area around the base looked much different. After 5 years in California the couple moved back to Virginia to a new home in a richer, but more rural area to spent their retirement years. Working with partners at Fort Detrick, where he stored his toxins, Gottlieb began assembling his assassination kit. The pilot, Francis Gary Powers, managed to eject and open his parachute. Sidney Gottlieb Obituary (2022) - Washington, DC - The Washington Post For example, Nazi doctors had conducted extensive experiments with mescaline at the Dachau concentration camp, and the CIA was very interested in figuring out whether mescaline could be the key to mind control. He was acquitted, but he was one of the Nazi doctors who was tried. And actually, it's a tremendous irony that the drug that the CIA hoped would be its key to controlling humanity actually wound up fueling a generational rebellion that was dedicated to destroying everything that the CIA held dear and defended. Gottlieb and his scientists turned their thoughts to assassination. Allen Ginsberg was one of the volunteers; so was Robert Hunter. History is a guide to navigation in perilous times. Vitos taste for lemon lozenges had led other drivers to call him the Lemon Drop Kid. GROSS: Yeah, I found that pretty hard to understand. Sidney Gottlieb (August 3, 1918 - March 7, 1999) was an American chemist and spymaster who headed the Central Intelligence Agency 's 1950s and 1960s assassination attempts and mind-control program, known as Project MKUltra. He had not poisoned the leader of a foreign government, but he had shown once again that he knew how. And it was tasked with investigating abuses committed by intelligence agencies, and Gottlieb was called to testify. Sidney Gottlieb of TSD claims to remember distinctly a plot involving cigars, the report says. A Soviet anti-aircraft missile had found its target, an aircraft that began tumbling wildly. An autopsy, Gottlieb assured Devlin, would show normal traces found in people who die of certain diseases., Gottlieb remained in Leopoldville. Powers was exchanged for a Russian spy in 1962. Dulles was promoted to Deputy Director of Central Intelligence days after intensifying Artichoke's scale. [14] He and his wife spent two years traveling Australia, Africa and India before settling down for several months to run a leper hospital in India. In Europe and East Asia, Gottliebs victims were prisoners in secret detention centers. SelectedWorks - Sidney Gottlieb At mid-morning on August 18, 1960, CIA director Allen Dulles and deputy director for plans Richard Bissell made an unscheduled visit to the White House. Many of the potions, pills and aerosols administered to victims were created at Detrick. Some scientists outside the tight-knit group suspected what was happening. It was a really tragic thing for her, and that's this guy. Gottlieb surreptitiously slipped LSD into Glickman's drink; it derailed his life. It had retained 94 percent of its toxicity. He obtained a Ph.D. at California Institute of Technology in 1943. MK-ULTRA ended in failure in the early 1960s. Nonetheless Gottlieb returned to Washington with a new credential. Brainstorming produced the outlines of a plot. His planned summit with Khrushchev collapsed. And patriotism is among the most seductive of those causes because it posits the nation as a value that's so transcendent that anything done in its service is virtuous. The first was the show trial of the Roman Catholic Primate of Hungary Joseph Cardinal Mindszenty for treason in 1949. STEPHEN KINZER: During the early period of the Cold War, in the late '40s and early 1950s, the CIA became paralyzed with a fear that communists had perfected some kind of a drug or a potion or a technique that would allow them to control human minds. C.I.A.; What Did the C.I.A. Do to His Father? - New York Times
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