confucianism population

• 8 September 2023

[86] In 2003, the Confucian intellectual Kang Xiaoguang published a manifesto in which he made four suggestions: Confucian education should enter official education at any level, from elementary to high school; the state should establish Confucianism as the state religion by law; Confucian religion should enter the daily life of ordinary people through standardisation and development of doctrines, rituals, organisations, churches and activity sites; the Confucian religion should be spread through non-governmental organisations. The petty person is egotistic and does not consider the consequences of his action in the overall scheme of things. The Five Bonds are: ruler to ruled, father to son, husband to wife, elder brother to younger brother, friend to friend. Later, Zhu Xi defined junzi as second only to the sage. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. This is because reciprocity is demanded from the superior as well. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). [8][160] Confucius views about Tin and about the divine providence ruling the world, can be found above (in this page) and in Analects 6:26, 7:22, and 9:12, for example. Chinese folk religious temples and kinship ancestral shrines may, on peculiar occasions, choose Confucian liturgy (called r or zhngtng, "orthopraxy") led by Confucian ritual masters ( lshng) to worship the gods, instead of Taoist or popular ritual. This reinvigorated form was adopted as the basis of the imperial exams and the core philosophy of the scholar-official class in the Song dynasty (9601297). Creation is therefore a continuous ordering; it is not a creation ex nihilo. "[112] Bell and Wang argue that this combination conserves the main advantages of democracyinvolving the people in public affairs at the local level, strengthening the legitimacy of the system, forcing some degree of direct accountability, etc.while preserving the broader meritocratic character of the regime. What the superior man requires is just that in his words there may be nothing incorrect." 11th century bce), who was said to have helped consolidate, expand, and refine the feudal ritual system. Confucius saw an opportunity to reinforce values of compassion and tradition into society. [6] They may be practiced by all the members of a society. [88], In contemporary China, the Confucian revival has developed into various interwoven directions: the proliferation of Confucian schools or academies (shuyuan ),[87] the resurgence of Confucian rites (chuntng ly ),[87] and the birth of new forms of Confucian activity on the popular level, such as the Confucian communities (shq rxu ). They also fought wars to enforce the belief system on others and enforce specific versions of it,[98][99] possibly some of the first in religious history done by factions who believed only a single divine being was the primary force driving the world. An estimated 5 to 6 million people follow Confucianism worldwide. In 8.19, he says that the lives of the sages are interwoven with Tin. [89], Other forms of revival are salvationist folk religious movements[90] groups with a specifically Confucian focus, or Confucian churches, for example the Yidan xuetang () of Beijing,[91] the Mengmutang () of Shanghai,[92] Confucian Shenism ( Rzng Shnjio) or the phoenix churches,[93] the Confucian Fellowship ( Rjio Dotn) in northern Fujian which has spread rapidly over the years after its foundation,[93] and ancestral temples of the Kong kin (the lineage of the descendants of Confucius himself) operating as Confucian-teaching churches.[92]. This idea is developed further in the Great Learning, and is tightly linked with the Taoist concept of wu wei (; ; w wi): the less the king does, the more gets done. The intellectuals of the New Culture Movement of the early twentieth century blamed Confucianism for China's weaknesses. The junzi (, jnz, "lord's son") is a Chinese philosophical term often translated as "gentleman" or "superior person"[69] and employed by Confucius in the Analects to describe the ideal man. The worldly concern of Confucianism rests upon the belief that human beings are fundamentally good, and teachable, improvable, and perfectible through personal and communal endeavor, especially self-cultivation and self-creation. [64] The famous thinker Huang Zongxi also strongly criticised the autocratic nature of the imperial system and wanted to keep imperial power in check. Like filial piety, loyalty was often subverted by the autocratic regimes in China. Confucianism, a Western term that has no counterpart in Chinese, is a worldview, a social ethic, a political ideology, a scholarly tradition, and a way of life. However, she does present education and literary power as important for women. This includes one, St. This line of thought would have influenced all Chinese individual and collective-political mystical theories and practices thereafter. Starting in 2000, the US Religion Census began to make religious diversity a priority, trying to go beyond the major denominations to count . [117], For those who, like Bell, defend a model in which performance at the local levels of government determines future promotion, an important question is how the system judges who "performs best". Its influence has also extended to other countries, particularly Korea, Japan, and Vietnam. ), and one of representatives elected by the people. "[161] Attributes such as ancestor worship, ritual, and sacrifice were advocated by Confucius as necessary for social harmony; these attributes may be traced to the traditional Chinese folk religion. A key Confucian concept is that in order to govern others one must first govern oneself according to the universal order. In 7.23 Confucius says that he has no doubt left that the Tin gave him life, and from it he had developed right virtue ( d). Confucius did not accept the status quo, which held that wealth and power spoke the loudest. In the Dtng sh (; ) it is defined as "to form one body with all things" and "when the self and others are not separated compassion is aroused". The Master said, "How uncultivated you are, Yu! Many of these Confucians suffered and sometimes died because of their conviction and action. This theme of mutuality still exists in East Asian cultures even to this day.

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