average citation rates by field 2020

• 8 September 2023

The authors are employees of the Institute for Scientific Information, which is a part of Clarivate Analytics, the owners of the Web of Science Group. No clear reference thresholds and no firm consensus on the management of self-citation data has emerged but opinion now appears to favor leaving self-citations in the dataeven in the context of research evaluation, even for individuals, and thus contrary to traditional viewsbut accounting for them in some manner (Glnzel 2008; Costas et al. Chorus, C. & Waltman, L. (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-019-03139-3. Web of Science provides evidence of collaboration with other scientists and institutions, publication productivity, cited-by works, the h-index and also includes tools for creating citation maps. Whilst in Sociology the number of references, the article length, and title length are among the factors. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-016-2144-6. (2013). (2004). Any paper published in the 10-year period may be cited by any other paper published during the same period. *Neurosciences: The ranking is calculated from total citations for all journals in the Frontiers Neuroscience journal series, in the Neuroscience subject area (JCR 2021 update). Ioannidis et al. Journal of Informetrics,12(1), 203216. 5 . https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.02948. A single average citation rate was obtained from this smaller sample as well. The impact of the national assessment exercises on self-citation rate and publication venue: An empirical investigation on the engineering academic sector in Italy. A feature of Google Scholar is Google Scholar Citations which allows users to create a personal publication profile which allows for generation of citation reports. Tahamtan, I., & Bornmann, L. (2018). time. 2004, 2006; Fowler and Aksnes 2007; Costas et al. PLoS ONE, 11(8), article number e0161021. We had reason to question this approach when we noted that China was leading in citation rates In Springer Handbook of Science and Technology Indicators (pp. Further, 91% of the papers under the Article category in the database were classified as original works by the journals themselves. Example: An article published in 2017 has been cited 5 times in 2017, 10 times in 2018, 5 times in 2019, and 12 times in 2020. Journal of Education and Social Policy,2, 7579. Humility, noted Merton, serves to reduce the misbehavior of scientists below the rate that would occur if importance were assigned only to originality and the establishing of priority (Merton 1957). Bartneck, C., & Kokkelmans, S. (2011). A younger person with few publications would not generally exhibit high rates of self-citation. The distribution of the average percentage of references that were to self-papers and citations that were from self-papers for each Highly Cited Researcher was calculated. Baselines are calculated using a whole counting method, this means that all papers in a subject area are counted towards the baseline calculation regardless of whether those papers are also in other subject areas or not. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, pp. 2018; Andersen et al. Campanario, J. M. (2018). The patterns of self-citation rates suggest a very broad cultural consensus about the balance between building on ones own work and recognising the influence of others. Even with a graphical test, analytical identification of outliers is only the first step in assessing the data as a reliable indicator of community-wide influence or not. baseline measure is the all-years citation rate, which is the citation rate for Learned Publishing,32(3), 249258. 2006; Hendrix 2009; Costas et al. Their study found no penalty for self-citation but diminishing returns with respect to generating citations from others beyond a certain point. If there are indeed a significant number of individuals who abuse the conventional research system by inappropriate practice then why does the system not detect and sanction this at review before publication? https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02016632. Like any metric, field normalized citation metrics have their limitations. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0195773. 2 was repeated with the other ESI fields. 2019; Seeber et al. Extending the Mertonian norms: Scientists subscription to norms of research. Self-citations at the meso and individual levels: Effects of different calculation methods. 2015). An RCR of 1 is considered average, while an RCR greater than 1 is above average. The bulk of these followed a continuous range towards the high end of which there was a steeper change in trajectory and substantively higher self-citation rates with points lying outside the continuous range. A taxonomy of motives to cite. Clinical medicine is the largest field (448 Highly Cited Researchers). Sherief A. Ghozy, Another potential reason for the spike in Covid-19 citations is the exhibited capacity of the virus to mutate rapidly. The smaller sets had too few articles to analyze, however, so the final number of field/year combinations analyzed was slightly less. This is most easily interpreted on the linear plot, whereas statistical sense would suggest that the data should be log-plotted because of the skewed negative binomial distribution. Some results on function and quality of citations. Journal of Informetrics,1(1), 4758. https://doi.org/10.2307/2089193. Is there a clubbing effect underlying Chinese research citation increases? Discover a faster, simpler path to publishing in a high-quality journal. in 2008 received 20.42 citations. The rhetoric-first model. Evaluative bibliometrics: The use of publication and citation analysis in the evaluation of scientific activity. So the RCR would be 9 citations per year / 6 citations per year = 1.5. The extent to which Covid-19 papers are being cited in selected top journals relative to non-Covid-19 papers in the same journals has yet to be explored in detail. Robert J. McDonald, The first example of automated citation indexing was CiteSeer, later to be followed by Google Scholar. Recent publications exhibit lower citation impact due to the fact that older papers have [53] Their analysis identifies universal impact metrics, such as the field-normalized h-index. [51][52] Kaur et al. An updated review of studies on citations in scientific documents published between 2006 and 2018. Hirsch, J. E. (2005). Use the Previous and Next buttons to navigate the slides or the slide controller buttons at the end to navigate through each slide. The Journal Impact Factor is the average number of citations received in the last year to articles published in the previous two years. Since the purpose of analysing highly cited research is to recognize scientists and social scientists with community-wide influence, which such portfolios lack, we introduced a filter to detect and review those whose high citation profile was in fact narrow and substantially self-generated. Seeber, M., Cattaneo, M., Meoli, M., & Malighetti, P. (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-007-1777-2. The linear plot is of benefit because it allows ready interpretation and reference back to the original data values. Glnzel, W., & Thijs, B. The Citation Tracker feature also allows for generation of a Citation Overview chart and for removal of self-citations from the overall citation counts. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology,68(4), 10361047. To examine this more closely, we randomly selected three journals included for this paper and manually searched each journals website for Covid-19-related articles that the journal itself had categorized as an original piece of research over three months. Zhao, D. Z., & Strotmann, A. ESI Data A paper with an exceptionally high ratio of self- to total-cites is clearly not reflecting the same degree of influence as one with a similar citation count where most of the cites are from other researchers. Journal of Information Science,37(5), 453461. Arxiv preprint. The median home value across these five cities, on average, is about $137,900. Nature,497(7451), 557560. For example, a global set might consist of all articles in the field of chemistry publishedin 2006. The issue of prolificacy and self-citation stacking, Is Self-Citation Biased? Campanario, J. M. (2011). Scientometrics,90(2), 343360. The influence of author self-citations on bibliometric meso-indicators: The case of European universities. (2004b). (2006). In the coming months, while researchers scrambled to learn more about the coronavirus that was now spreading internationally, the WHO again released a bulletin on March 11, 2020, officially classifying Covid-19 as a global pandemic [3]. Priorities in scientific discovery: A chapter in the sociology of science. Cap Rates will be higher or lower for individual properties depending upon the size, class and location of the property within the MSA. Schubert, A. https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.24046. The following excerpt from a Citation Rates table reveals that on The graph below depicts the percentile rank of Frontiers journals (blue dots) in their respective JCR category. Identifying community-wide influence is a central, though not sole, focus of the work that led to this paper, as will be described below. It is argued that, in fact, the status of self-citations is more than that of a stepchild in the family of scientometrics (Schubert 2016). Note Citation counts for a year are the number of citations in the peer-reviewed literature for articles published in that year. The average for the ESI Mathematics is, in fact, a high outlier itself, for both self-referencing and even more for self-citing. Assessing insularity in global science. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Pichappan, P., & Sarasvady, S. (2002). Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World,3, 122. These data are therefore susceptible to a thorough quantitative analysis that is unaffected by small-number effects among papers or cites for any single cluster. White (2001) described most instances of self-citation as egocentric without being egotistical and others have explained or defended the legitimate desire to make ones work visible to other scientists and scholars, in addition to indicating its relevance (Kaplan 1965; Pichappan and Sarasvady 2002; Hyland 2003; Glnzel et al. The 2020 CiteScores are based on citations received in 2017-2020 to articles, reviews, conference papers, book chapters, and data papers published in 2017-2020, and divides this by the number of these documents published in 2017-2020. 750 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53705-2221 Citations, citation indicators, and research quality: An overview of basic concepts and theories. Additionally, articles less than 2 years old with less than 5 citations will not have an RCR (e.g., an article published in 2021 will not receive an RCR in 2022 unless it has 5 or more citations). Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology,66(7), 13231332. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2017.02.009. When the randomized 1:1 sample was analyzed, Covid-19 papers still received 82% more citations than non-Covid-19 papers (p<0.001, 95% CI [1.202.43]). The process captured in Fig. Ferrara, E., & Romero, A. E. (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joi.2006.09.002. (You should maintain double-spacing throughout your essay.) For months after, cases and fatalities rose at staggering clips as governing bodies worldwide grappled with the best measures to contain the virus. As we have shown, Covid-19 papers across all selected fields are being cited at a vastly increased rate compared to non-Covid-19 papers within the same journals. Brooks, T. A. MacRoberts, M. H., & MacRoberts, B. R. (1989). Kacem, A., Flatt, J. W., & Mayr, P. (2019). The rate of self-citation increases progressively across most of the spread of researchers. Lawani, S. M. (1982). (2018). Brooks, T. A. Scopus. Mean citation rate per article in mathematics journals: Differences from the scientific model. Green and gold open access citation and interdisciplinary advantage: A bibliometric study of two science journals.

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